3 questions, each answered from published authorities with the sources listed.
Photo by Luca Sartoni, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sapporo_(44464608975).jpg. License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/AuthorLuca Sartoni · CC BY-SA 2.0File source